Sunday, December 29, 2019

Kennedy-Nixon Debate Analysis - 779 Words

Professor Fernando Ganivet SPC 3540 – Persuasion October 22, 2013 Kennedy-Nixon Debate Analysis There may be more truth to the old saying, â€Å"it’s not what you say but how you say it.† On average, 93 percent of meaning found in communication comes from nonverbal messages (Mehrabian 1967). Nonverbal communication is the wordless transmission of information through body language, gestures, tone, space and appearance. The first televised presidential debate is a pivotal example of how pervasive nonverbal communication actually is to an audience, and how it affects the credibility of the speaker(s). The purpose of this analysis is to present both the categories and functions of nonverbal communication within the context of the 1960†¦show more content†¦Nixon on the other hand, looked off camera and made eye contact with the four news correspondents instead of engaging his real audience, the American people watching at home. This was negatively perceived by those watching as Nixon shifting his gaze to avoid eye contact. Kennedy seemed a natural to the new medium of television whereas Nixon prepared much the same way he would for a radio show. References Dallek, R. (2003). An unfinished life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co. Druckman, J. N. (2003) The Power of Television Images: The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited. Journal of Politics, 65, 559 Ketrow, S.M. (1999) Nonverbal aspects of Group Communication. The Handbook of Group Communication Theory and Research, 255. Mehrabian, A. (1967). Attitudes inferred from non-immediacy of verbal communications. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 294-295. Mehrabian, A. (1967). Orientation behaviors and nonverbal attitude communication. Jounal of Communication, 17, 324-332. Nixon, R. M. (1962). Six Crises. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday. Schroeder, A. (2000). Presidential debates: Forty years of high-risk TV. New York: Columbia UniversityShow MoreRelatedPolitics Is A Joke ! Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesof ways by different people. This can create a confusing understanding of the message the authors are trying to portray. To combat this disparity the authors dedicated a section of their book to describe their definition of comedy and what their analysis is (8). The book uses the term â€Å"political humor† â€Å"to refer to any form of communication that alludes to something political and is intended to make people laugh (8).† In regards to political context the authors state â€Å"We make no distinction to exactlyRead MoreThe Power Of Television Images : The First Kennedy Nixon Debate Revised989 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence each media type has. Print ads, radio shows, television interviews, magazine articles and debates all have a degree of effectiveness on a voting demographic. Mastering the m edia effects on the people that are to be influenced is the key to successful communication of ideas and a successful political career. James Druckman in â€Å"The Power of Television Images: the first Kennedy-Nixon debate revised† looks at how television affects political behavior. Druckman’s (2003) hypothesis is that televisionRead MoreA Critical Analysis of the Key National Security Issues Faced in the Post-Vietnam War Period566 Words   |  3 PagesA Critical Analysis of the Key National Security Issues Faced in the Post-Vietnam War Period There have been a lot of developments that happened during the Vietnam War that concerns the key national security issues of the country. However, there are an also a lot of significant changes that occurred after that historical event, that forever changed the policy conceptualization and implementation of national and foreign-related issues. The administration of Richard Nixon was greatly affected byRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1532 Words   |  7 Pages-John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy, a self-made multimillionaire who led the Exchange commission and securities under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He parlayedRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behavioral Analysis1687 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture† -John F. Kennedy, 35th US President. This paper describes about the Leadership styles and Behavioral analysis of former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy was the youngest man to hold that office. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy, a self-made multimillionaire who led the Exchange commission and securities under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He parlayed anRead MoreWhere Have the Simple Days of Politically Informative Media Gone?1173 Words   |  5 Pagesrapid pace of live televised debates demands that politicians â€Å"respond to questions instantaneously† (Menand). This does not allow political leaders the opportunity to provide deep and thoughtful responses, despite their often having an amplitude of research memorized to support themselves. These types of televised debates are due to the media’s decision to report in a way that will retain the largest possible audience. It is a decision originating from media programs debate whether to â€Å"deliberatelyRead MoreFreedom of the Press Essay991 Words   |  4 Pages2008). Going back to the 1960 Presidential Election, many observers consider the 1960 debate between U.S. presidential candidates Kennedy and Nixon to be a textbook example of television-age political campaigning. It has often been asserted that differences in the two candidates television personae accounted in part for Kennedys election victory. Some, however, dispute the significance of the televised 1960 debates, suggesting that while visual cues undoubtedly have the potential to influence voterRead MoreIs Las Vegas A Destination For Many Travelers?1843 Words   |  8 PagesMinnesota revisited a television and ad agency research group s evaluation of the Nixon-Kennedy debate. In the original research by Sindlinger Co it was determined that those that heard the debate only on the radio found Nixon to be the winner of the debate while the others that saw the debate on television found Kennedy to be the winner. Key differences were Kennedy ele cted to have makeup applied prior to the debate and Nixon was suffering from a recent knee infection, of course older, but then alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Shape Of The Modern World 1917 Words   |  8 Pages University of Evansville What is the Significance of the Candidacy of Donald Trump? An analysis of underlying bigotry and racism in America Austin C. Kuhn The Shape of the Modern World – FYS112-H1A Dr. James MacLeod Friday, September 23, 2016 What is the Signifigance of the Candidacy of Donald Trump? The election of 2016 has seen rise to a number of strong, semi-radical opinions and ridiculous jokes (mostly created and spreaded online). These jokes range from theRead MoreWorld War II : The Great People s War1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II (The Great People’s War) was of deep importance to the formation of today’s international relations system, however the following periods after this war between the greatest powers in the world are also of great significance. The analysis of those periods and their impact on world history will be the first approach of this assessment. It is important to clarify that these periods cannot be annualized as isolated events that happened in History, but related events that in a way or another

Saturday, December 28, 2019

How The Nervous System Affects The Human Brain - 990 Words

Neurons are the basic data processing units for the human brain. Every neuron can receive 1000 electrical impulses from other neurons. Impulses that all come at the same time are added together and, if they are strong enough, they can generate electrical discharge, which is known as action potential or a nerve impulse. Neurons have a cell body or soma. Additionally, they have myelin. Myelin allows nerve impulses to move quickly from one neuron to another, which makes rapid signal transmission possible. It is a critical part of the nervous system and if it is not in a body it can be devastating, which can be exhibited through multiple sclerosis. The nervous system plays an important role in the body s ability to feel sensations and is made up of neurons, cells, and are necessary to perform even the simplest tasks. Your body has billions of tree-like processes that are involved in sensing this information from the environment, relaying the information to your brain, and sending inform ation to carry out the act of answering your cell phone as a response to the initial sensory input. There are a multitude of neurons in our bodies that are continuously communicating with each other to help us perform everyday tasks. These communications are a way for the neurons to transmit information between one another. This information is generally related to the physical actions and feelings which the body performs. Neurons allow us to feel pain and other sensations which wouldShow MoreRelatedNervous Systems And The Nervous System1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe nervous system is the most crucial and key part of our body. The nervous system is responsible for managing our thinking process, emotions, and body functions. The nervous system has two important parts; the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system is consisted of many different and connected parts such as nerves and neurons that transmit all different kinds of signals between different parts of our bodies. Essentially, I think of it as the body’s electricalRead MorePsycholo gy : Mind Body Problem898 Words   |  4 Pageswith how the nervous system functions. It comes from the concept of neuroscience. The processes of physiology also contribute to the concept of neurophysiology. The nervous system controls all the functions of the body. It also contributes to how the mind operates. With regard to the explanation of the mind body problem, it is quite evident it has a relationship with the concept of neurophysiology. Neurons are microscopic cells that compose the human brain. The functions of the nervous system involveRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of my research conducted for this paper was to examine the relationship between Parkinson s disorder and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chemical messengers can causeRead MoreNervous Systems And The Nervous System1440 Words   |  6 Pages Nervous System The human body is one of the most complex structures known to mankind. To this day, we still do not have all the answers to how our body functions. One of the most complex structures in the human body is the nervous system, which controls the voluntary and involuntary actions, as well as send signals throughout the body. The nervous system is split up into two parts; the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of two main parts; theRead MoreWhy Are Human Psychologists Concerned With Human Biology?1548 Words   |  7 Pages9-1: Why are human psychologists concerned with human biology? Psychologists working from a biological perspective study the links between biology and behavior. We are biopsychosocial systems, in which biological, psychological and social-cultural factors interact to influence behavior. 9-2: What are the parts of a neuron and how are neural impulses generated? Neurons are the elementary components of the nervous system, the body s speedy electrochemical information system. A neuron receives signalsRead MoreUnderstanding The Mind Body Problem994 Words   |  4 PagesSection one, question two 2.) Discuss how the following concepts relate to the mind-body problem: * neurophysiology * psychophysics * theory of evolution. For each, be sure and: (1) describe the area of study, (2) discuss the views of at least ONE major thinker associated with that area of study, and (3) explain what that area of study contributed to the attempt to reconcile the mind-body problem. The mind-body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, andRead MoreThe Muscular And Nervous Systems Of Our Body959 Words   |  4 Pages The Muscular and Nervous Systems of our body are two of eight major body functional systems that help us maintain homeostasis or in a chemical balance within our bodies. When the body cannot maintain homeostasis there is usually some sort of sickness or disease that is targeting one of our major body functions. An example of two diseases that could affect our homeostasis within our Muscular and Nervous System are Hydrocephalus and Dystonia. The Nervous System is the system of our body that dealRead MoreThe Anatomy And Physiology Of Cerebral Palsy And The Nervous System Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The human body is made up of many organ systems that consist of organs and tissues of different anatomies and diverse nomenclature. These organs systems, organs and tissues are prone to thousands of diseases, and one of these diseases is cerebral palsy, which is a disease of the nervous system in simple terms. Research relating to cerebral palsy is carried out, whereby the disorder is described, along with its history, and how it affects the nervous system and the brain. The anatomy ofRead MoreEssay on PSY340 r4 Week One Tutorial Quiz1083 Words   |  5 Pagescan affect behavior? a. Genes may affect neurotransmitter levels or receptors. b. Genes can act indirectly by making it more likely you will be raised in a particular environment. c. Genes themselves cause behavior without any influence of the environment. d. Genes produce proteins that may make it more likely for a person to become addicted. 3. Nerves from the central nervous system convey information to the muscles and glands by way of the: a. autonomic nervous system. b. somatic nervous systemRead MoreEssay on Understanding Consciousness1728 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology, the relationship between the human nervous system and behavior, and an evaluation of historical figures in the field of physiological psychology The Biopsychological Approach to Understanding Consciousness The process of understanding awareness can be complex. Understanding that there are different spectrums of consciousness and that each type represents different principles is the best approach to understanding awareness. As the endocrine system regulates hormones in the body, chemical

Friday, December 20, 2019

Marxist And Conflict Theories Of Deviance Essay - 1580 Words

Marxist and Conflict Theories of Deviance The theorists discussed in this chapter surroung Marxist and conflict theories do not always agree on all the views of their theories, they come from the same social constructionist or relativist perspective. Social construction is referred to as a theory of knowledge in sociology and communications theory that examines the development of cooperatively constructed understandings of the world. There are two general ways in which theories differ from each other, the first is their definition of power. Marxists focus on the political economy and the capitalist system in their analyses of power and conflict, while the conflict theorists have customarily expanded their definitions of power beyond focus on the capitalist system. The second difference between the two is the policy implications that branch from the theories. Marxists tend to advocate for revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system as the only way to solve power differentials and conflict, while conflict theorists are more open to reforms that do not advocate revolution. Both theories are from the macro perspectives, meaning that they focus on structural issues, institutions, and group behaviors, not on individual behaviors or experiences. Much of the focus of these theories is on the creation and preservation of laws that benefit one group over the other. Marxist and conflict theories are interested in why and how some groups are defined as deviant and how theirShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance1201 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance, like their work on other areas like the family and education, rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisieRead MoreTheories, Conflict Theories And Developmental Theories957 Words   |  4 PagesModule six readings cover why certain groups of people may commit or not commit crime in comparison to other groups of individuals. Different theories this module covers to help explain different criminal patterns are labeling theories, conflict theories and developmental theories. Labeling theories also known as social reaction theory tries to explain how labeling a person can actually cause them to participate in more criminal behavior (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 173). They believe that by labeling someoneRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 Pages A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern dayRead More‚Äà ²Marxism Is No Longer Relevant to Our Understanding of Crime Deviance in Society‚Äà ´1269 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer the question, the terms Crime Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery, murder etc), thus the act is known as illegal, whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms values o f Society, such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century, when social classes were very clearly defined-Read MoreCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 Pagessociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and to compareRead MoreCrime and Deviance1123 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate Marxist explanations of Crime and Deviance Labelling theory paved the way in understanding how deviance was something defined by social processes. In this way social agencies such as the police defined what was deviant. Marxists took this view even further by examining the power of certain social groups to define deviance and create the laws which secured social conformity. Marxists see crime and deviance as not coming from moral or biological defects but defects within social order. CrimeRead MoreMarxists theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance913 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Assess the contribution of the Marxist theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance. (21 marks) Marxism is a macro/structural approach to society, meaning that it looks at the large-scale societal structure for answers about how society works and operates and explores crime and deviance in relation to classes within a capitalist society. Marxists claim that laws do not reflect a value consensus, instead laws and law enforcement benefits the rich (protection of private property)Read MoreThe Main Principles Of Functionalism1429 Words   |  6 Pagesagreed the family unit had several functions in society however its two main functions were socialization and stabilization of personalities (a sociologyof family life deborah.c), Conflicting theory however has contradicting views and explanations on the purpose of the family unit in society. Conflict theory interprets the family as a system of power relations that reinforces and reflects the inequalities in society. (understanding a diverse society sociology pg399) These inequalities consist of genderRead MoreMarx and Durkheim’s Views Contributed to our Understanding of Crime and Deviance? 899 Words   |  4 Pagesand Deviance? Karl Marx’s Marxist theory and Emile Durkheim’s functionalist theory were both significant in their own ways and therefore made a large contribution to our perception and understanding of how crime and deviance occurs and is dealt with in society. The Marxist theory on crime was focused on the concept that the huge shift towards a capitalist society was the root cause and driving force behind the formation of social divisions and subsequent increase in crime and conflict. WillemRead MoreEssay on Deviance and Society969 Words   |  4 Pages Determining Deviance The dictionary defines deviance as the breakdown or diversion from the accepted norm or expected standards of behaviour of a society. The concept of deviance however has no standard definition, it is deemed to be culturally relative. That is to say that your culture (norms, values and morals) determine what you as an individual or your society deems deviant behaviour. Functionalist Findings on Deviance The functionalist sociologist would

Pursuing A Master s Degree Of Mental Health Counseling...

I am writing to inform you of my strong interest in pursuing a Master’s Degree in Mental Health Counseling with Nova Southeastern University for the Fall 2016 program. I earned my Bachelor’s of Science Degree with a double major in Psychology and Research from The University of North Florida in 2013. For the past three years I have worked for Gateway Community Services as an Adolescent Outpatient Counselor. I am looking forward to continuing my education with Nova Southeastern University. I come from a small military family where neither of my parents graduated high school. My parents divorced when I was two and left my mother as the sole provider for three children. Over the next few years I experienced severe personal trauma that would change the course of my life. At the age of 15 I dropped out of school, left home, and began working to support myself. The highest level of education I completed at that time was the eighth grade. In my early twenties I became a single mother of two girls. Because of the financial struggles that I endured due to not continuing my education I clearly emphasized the importance of getting a college education to both of my children. One particular discussion that I was having at the dinner table where I was enforcing the â€Å"requirement† of college for my children; my youngest daughter questioned me in the most innocent way, â€Å" Mommy? Why is it so important for us to go to college when you didn’t even finish high sch ool?† at that moment my life

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities Essay In Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities, the character of Sydney Carton was presented as an alcoholic lawyer with very low self-esteem. He progressed as a character and changed slightly in appearance mainly in Chapter 20 of Book the Second. In the preceding chapters, Carton is merely described as a drunkard, frequenting tavern and downing copious amounts of wine. Charles Darnay used a sarcastic understatement, I think you have been drinking, Mr. Carton (71) to highlight this ludicrous point. In his ranting, however, he makes his true feelings clear. Carton efers to himself as a disappointed drudge who no one on earth cares for (71). He tends to be a follower, especially of Stryver, which takes full advantage of this simple man s efforts. On the contrary, Carton does show tendencies to do very studious and good work as a lawyer, described as an amazingly good jackal (72). The only problem he had with that good trait is that he had no confidence or self-esteem to back up his aptitude for law; hence he would never be a lion (72). Further, he was always considered an outsider. Carton appeared to be a vile, morose man, when in actuality it was the alcohol speaking. He never really expressed his true self until that soft side emerged in the closing action of the book. The fact that Carton never found companionship in upright man and that he binged frequently caused people to look upon Carton distastefully, causing his outcast status. After Darnay s marriage to Lucie, however, Carton made an appearance and showed genuine emotion toward Darnay. He apologized for his drunkenness, and made a plea to be friends (172). Darnay was patronizing to Carton, not giving him much respect, yet Carton seemed to be earnest nevertheless. This showed how Carton was actually an admirable man on the inside, but still had a problem with alcoholism. This showed an honorable trait within the man who was an outcast, and it causes the reader to look at Carton a bit differently from that point forward. In conclusion, Carton was a drunkard lawyer with low self-esteem that was lacking in many ways, but had positive traits on the inside. He chose not to allow those traits to show very often, but they were still apparent. Sydney Carton is a very integral character to this book, showing a very dynamic personal change.

Music and Silence free essay sample

As much as I would like to say I know who I am and I know what I’m going to do, I can’t. I love noise, but dislike silence, I think. I tried all day to inspire myself for this essay with music but I wasnt inspired until the music stopped. I found my inspiration in the quiet that I thought I didn’t like. I find myself undecided, I find myself liking the experience of indecision, of the possibility of all choices, and disliking the fruitlessness of that indecision. Do I like silence or do I like noise? Art or math? Chocolate ice cream or vanilla? What am I drawn to write about in this essay? I tend to have a sort of schizophrenic decision making process, never wanting to choose, or choosing, and then feeling regret. Recently, I came to peace with my indecision. I’ve realized that it’s okay to be indecisive right now. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Silence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that every possibility has a value that I want to consider and I want to be able to act on as many possibilities as I can, without compromising any of them. I’ve never led a â€Å"normal† life and I never want to. So, though it may be odd to some, I look forward to what’s not going to be easy. I’ve lived in three very different places too: Maui, Toronto and Syracuse. The massive whales floating carefree by the shores of Maui, hopping from restaurant to restaurant in downtown Toronto, and hanging out with my friends by the high school in Syracuse, has given me a glimpse of the rich range of choices I will have to choose from. Having learned early on of the boundless infinity of options out there is definitely a key root of my indecision. I want to try a little bit of everything, but I want to know that what I do resonates with who I am. Moving to a city like Boston with its unlimited opportunities, would allow me to explore the possibilities of life and discover the possibilities that I am naturally drawn to. My unusual experiences make me who I am today and my indecision will add to who I become tomorrow. At this moment in my life the entire world is open to me. There are so many opportunities, so much I want to experience, so much Im interested in. Of course, with my indecision and my open interests, I face the difficulty of trying to do too much, spreading myself too thin and therefore getting almost nowhere. I can’t choose everything, there’s just not enough time. I am ready to face the difficulty of becoming creative in my indecision, making it an experience that will help me discover what I want most. I want to explore all of life that I can. That is the one decision I know for sure is true.

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Three Major Human Decision Making Accidents

Question: Discuss about theThree Major Human Decision Making Accidents. Answer: Introduction The aviation industry is an international industry which requires decision making and execution at all levels. The decision-making, aimed towards customer safety and safe landing should be guided by ethics, situations and experiences of the personnel (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Wrong decisions on the side of aviation staffs, irrespective of their levels, have already claimed hundreds of lives (Major, 2014). The upper, middle and the lower level staffs should frame policies which should work towards avoiding air accidents and secure the lives of the passengers and the members of the crew on board. The Singapore Airlines is an example of the organization structure in an aviation company. The organization structure of Singapore Airlines is led by the Chief Executive Officer, the chairman of the board, vice chairman of the board and the directors. The offices of the CFO, SATS, Tiger Airways, Secretary, Sales, HR and Operations, India, Product sales, Cabin crew, IT, HR and Sales marketing report to the CEO. The sales operations of France reports to the sales department while marketing planning reports to Sales and marketing department. The senior level management of companies are usually attributed with the power, knowledge and experience to take correct decisions. Their decisions are made up of business strategies which concern the whole or most of an organization (Anderson et al., 2015). The decisions due to systemic errors similarly affect the whole mechanism and have far reaching impact. The board of directors in the aviation companies, like any other company takes the key decisions and policies of the organizations. Their strategies in the areas of customer satisfaction initiatives, financing, product planning and so on are reflected in the actions of the pilots, ground staffs and all the other people present in the airport. Their lack of control and concern for the passengers are the causes of several accidents that have killed thousands of passengers (Hevelke Nida-Rmelin, 2015). Aloha Airlines is a Hawaii based airlines company which operated from Honolulu International Airport till March 31, 2008. Aloha Airlines Flight 243 which was Being 737 faced extensive decompression in air on April 28, 1988. The plane managed to land on Kahului Airport amidst lack of coordination or distractions between the responsible staffs. The accident killed a flight attendant and left 65 people injured. The investigation carried out by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) which finds out several active errors on the part of Aloha Airlines to maintain the aircrafts (www.ntsb.gov). The airlines authority or the decision makers did not carry on complete inspection of the flight in spite of the fact that the parts were showing defects. The sections stuck together by adhesives cracked and caused small cracks on the metal body of the air bus. NTSB also blamed The Federation Aviation Administration for not monitoring the quality of operations of the airlines companies under its purview. The FAA, in response to the investigation and findings there from, changed the pattern of rivets so as to reduce the stress on the planes metal skin. The safety board of Aloha Airlines, under the pressure of investigation from these two bodies issued its future goals to upgrade the quality of maintenance and inspection to avoid such accidents. The airlines company concentrated on enhancing its technical work force to bring in the advanced technology to maintain the aeroplanes. The company changed its corrosion prevention methods to improve the life of its air busses (Ni et al. 2014). The management reformed its flight schedules to increase the number of flights in order to compete with the other international airlines companies. The main recommendations of the board were to improve the skills of staffs to avoid such mistakes and slips. The recommendations also proposed acquiring of superior quality airbuses and ancillary units with proper licenses. The responsibilities and areas of power of the federal investigators were also enhanced to ensure prevention of such accidents. The accident became a subject of national interest which resulted in framing of new propositions in the aviation industry regarding maintenance and inspection of aeroplanes, especially the old ones (JOHN H. CUSHMAN Jr., 2017). The middle level staffs like the pilot and the captain are the ones who actually fly the planes. They guide, instruct and are responsible for the safety of the onboard passengers. Their main work is to fly the plane towards the destination airports and ensure the safety of the passengers in all respects (Johnson, 2015). Their decision-making power driven by technology and experience control the very existence of the onboard passengers. The Singapore Airlines Flight 368( SQ368) was an international passenger plane which took off from the Singapore Changi Airport on June 27, 2016. The plane took off but returned to the airport after receiving fuel warning. The plane landed by the engine 777 which sent fuel alarm caught fire but there were no injuries. The reason of the fire was an oil leak from the engine which on landing caught fire due to friction. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore extinguished the fire in five minutes but the wing was seriously damaged. The Air Accident Investigation Bureau of Singapore revealed that the fuel in the engine 777 got contaminated from the main fuel oil heat exchanger because of a fissure in it. The manufacturer of the engine looked into the matter and repaired the engine. The investigation revealed that the probable cause of the accident was flying the plane at a very low altitude. The pilot was flying the plane to simulate realistic situations very close to the woods below which was a wrong decision based on wrong judgement. The Singapore Airlines Flight 006(SQ 006/SIA 006) was a Singapore Airlines to take off from Singapore Changi Airport to Los Angeles International Airport via Taoyuan International Airport, Taiwan. The flight met with a massive accident when it took off during torrential rain due to typhoon Xangsane killing 83 onboard passengers and turned out to be one of the deadliest accidents (HWAI, 2017). The ground staff cleared the runway 05L during the typhoon and torrential rain. After a second, the crew tried to take off from runway number 05R which ran parallel to 05L and closed due to construction work. The airport did not have ASDE, ground radar which could control aircraft movements on the ground. The pilot, in spite of hearing the instruction to land on 05L but land up on the runway on which elevators and bulldozers had already being parked to carry on the construction work. The aircraft suffered a massive damage and a fire broke out causing death of 79 passengers and 4 crew members. Aviation Safety Council of China conducted the investigation which revealed that the flight neglected continuous patrol of the runway and was not aware that the flight has entered the wrong way. The pilot did not check Paravisual Display and Primary Flight Display which caused the flight to enter the dangerous runway. The faulty decision making in the lower level caused fire and loss of so many lives but was denied by the relevant authorities. The Republic of China summoned the crew members for interrogation and only three members followed the order. However, no flight crew member was prosecuted. Singapore Airlines flight bound for Los Angelas only stopped over Tokyo Narita Airport. The flight which met with the accident was used withdrawn from services and used as a livery to promote Singapore Airlines. A survivor later on reported that the onboard crew members were not able to help the passengers due to lack of provisions and expertise, besides being gripped by horror ("Singapore Airlines crash report is disturbing", 2017). This crash pointed out that a wrong decision making at individual levels resulted in loss of so many lives and left many injured in hospitals. The anxiety and fear the acquaintances of the passengers suffered from due to the faulty individual decisions culminating into a horrifying accident is immeasurable. The three incidences stated above are examples of how wrong decisions at various levels caused irreplaceable loss of lives. The investigations following these accidents often point out to defects in the body or other parts of the planes or to the faulty decisions of the pilots. These investigations often attract the attention of the people in the countries where accidents occur and even from foreign nationals. The most common outcome of these investigations are the initiations of a round of blaming between the various airlines companies, government departments and international bodies which make interesting news globally. The real problems lie deeper and usually remain undetected under the mean sessions of allegations. The intense competitions between the airlines companies make them choose low pricing strategies to attract huge number of customers (Delaplace Dobruszkes, 2015). The big and expensive airlines companies of North America and Europe have are facing stiff challenges from companies like Air Asia, Indigo, Easy Jet and West Jet (www.businessinsider.in, 2017). These companies are forced to offer low price services and as a result have to cut on the quality of services (Barnes, 2017). These companies often have to increase the flights, so they cannot maintain the airbuses to the service pressure. The international aviation industry has hundreds of players of all sizes and caters to the world generating huge revenue. The aviation industry complies with several bilateral agreements like Chicago Conventions in 1944 and Open Skies concerning several bodies like European Union and Commonwealth, thus involving all the big and small countries. The airlines companies have to comply with several safety measures being prone to terrorist attacks and have already suffered several attacks. The aeroplanes consume high quantity of fossil fuel and releases high quantity of pollutants. This makes the industry subject to several environmental laws, both nationals and international. All these factors lead to a complicated network of macroeconomic factors having several strata. These factors, combined with intense international competition and profit earning motive leads to corruption (Itani Mason, 2014). The various government bodies claim money from the aviation company on the pretext of poli ce protection, export and import licenses and so on. The companies incur huge expenditure in order to gain preferential facilities from the governments. They, in order the make up the huge expenditure they often compromise on the inspection of flights and quality of manpower. They keep the prices low and cut down the facilities they offer to the consumers. These irresponsible strategies to earn profits at the cost of consumer safety often catapults in horrifying accidents causing loss of human lives and injuries. The investigations following these accidents often uncover these defects in the planes and their crew members. They are unable to unearth the role of the powerful segments that actually manage and control the aviation industry. The aviation industry is a multimillion market where hundreds of companies compete to cater the millions of customers all around the world. The decisions are taken and executed at all the three levels which have future affects. Wrong decision at these levels result in devastating accidents which kill hundreds and leave thousands injured or even disabled. Those accidents are often attributed to the crew and the technology while the top decision makers remain hidden. The decisions must be framed keeping the value of human lives and should always ensure safety of people onboard. References: (2017). Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/The-10-best-low-cost-airlines-in-the-world/7-WestJet/slideshow/56204392.cms (2017). Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://www.ntsb.gov/Pages/default.aspx Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2015).An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Airlines, S. (2017). Org Chart Singapore Airlines. TheOfficialBoard. Retrieved 18 May 2017, from https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/singapore-airlines Barnes, J. (2017). Measuring service quality in the low-cost airline industry. Borchert, I., Gootiiz, B., Mattoo, A. (2014). Policy barriers to international trade in services: evidence from a new database.The World Bank Economic Review,28(1), 162-188. Delaplace, M., Dobruszkes, F. (2015). From low-cost airlines to low-cost high-speed rail? The French case.Transport policy,38, 73-85. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Hevelke, A., Nida-Rmelin, J. (2015). Responsibility for crashes of autonomous vehicles: an ethical analysis.Science and engineering ethics,21(3), 619-630. HWAI, L. (2017). Seven crashes, 900 lives: Taiwan's fatal air crashes in the past 20 years. The Straits Times. Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/seven-crashes-900-lives-taiwans-fatal-air-crashes-in-the-past-20-years Itani, N., Mason, K. (2014). A macro-environment approach to civil aviation strategic planning.Transport Policy,33, 125-135. JOHN H. CUSHMAN Jr., S. (2017). U.S. john h. cushman jr., s. (2017). u.s. investigators fault aloha line in fatal accident. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/24/us/us-investigators-fault-aloha-line-in-fatal-accident.html Johnson, J. W. (2015). The Pilots' Perspective: Commercial sUAS Operations Must Not Compromise Safety.The Air and Space Lawyer,28(2), 17. Major, A. E. (2014). Ethics Education of Military Leaders.Military Review,94(2), 55. Ni, L., Chemtob, A., Croutx-Barghorn, C., Moreau, N., Bouder, T., Chanfreau, S., Pbre, N. (2014). Direct-to-metal UV-cured hybrid coating for the corrosion protection of aircraft aluminium alloy.Corrosion Science,89, 242-249. Singapore Airlines crash report is disturbing. (2017). Usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2001-02-23-singair.htm

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Surrogate Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Surrogate Decision Making. Answer: Introduction Every human being wishes to lead a normal life without disability. One reason why no one wants to be disabled is because of shame. Many at times, the society has been looking down upon the disabled because, unlike the rest of the people, the disabled are perceived as less important people who have no significant contributions to make to the community. This is exactly what befalls amputees after losing a limb. Apart from enduring agonizing pains, the amputees battle stress and trauma necessitated by the feeling of prejudice, neglect and loss of independence (Parvaneh, Grewal, Grewal, Menzies, Talal, Armstrong, Sternberg Najafi 2014). So, to improve the living conditions of the amputees, it is upon the society to come up and do something. This is why we, as an organization, have decided to inaugurate this project to challenge the status quo. However, to do so, we need a full support of all the concerned stakeholders. Project Objectives The major objective of this project is to introduce a highly developed artificial limb to improve the quality of life of the amputees. The organization is deeply concerned about the shame and stereotypes put on the amputees by the society as a result of limb losses. This is what the organization will put all the efforts to eradicate. Approach and Methods To ultimately address the plight of the amputees is not a simple task. It requires dedication, commitment and team work (Tanosaki, Shimizu, Lian, Jurchak Patel 2014). Since the main objective of the project is to bring happiness to the amputees, it is reasonable that we will adopt the following approach: Develop a device called LimbMaster that will be a break from the past. For a very long time, amputees have had to use artificial limbs that make them uncomfortable because of poor pain reduction and incorrect fitness (Yoo 2014). The poor status of the artificial limbs has been causing a lot of trauma to the amputees. However, with the coming of this project, amputees will get a lifetime opportunity to transform and improve the quality of their lives by using computer technology to design, develop and supply the easy-to-use, comfortable, safe and correctly fitted artificial limbs-LimbMaster (Newcombe, Dewar, Blunn Fromme 2013). Proposed Budget for LimbMaster ITEM COST (A$) Materials 400,000 Salaries and Wages 150,000 Computers and Software 150,000 Research 150,000 Marketing and Public Awareness 100,000 Logistics 40,000 Others 10,000 TOTAL 1,000,000 References Gaunaurd, I., Spaulding, S.E., Amtmann, D., Salem, R., Gailey, R., Morgan, S.J. Hafner, B.J., 2015. Use of and confidence in administering outcome measures among clinical prosthetists: Results from a national survey and mixed-methods training program. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 39(4), pp.314-321. Newcombe, L., Dewar, M., Blunn, G.W. and Fromme, P., 2013. Effect of amputation level on the stress transferred to the femur by an artificial limb directly attached to the bone. Medical engineering physics, 35(12), pp.1744-1753. Parvaneh, S., Grewal, G.S., Grewal, E., Menzies, R.A., Talal, T.K., Armstrong, D.G., Sternberg, E. Najafi, B., 2014. Stressing the dressing: Assessing stress during wound care in real-time using wearable sensors. Wound Medicine, 4, pp.21-26. Tanosaki, M., Shimizu, N., Lian, C.G., Jurchak, M. Patel, V., 2014. Purpura Fulminans Managed with Multi-Limb Amputation: Substituted Judgment and Surrogate Decision-Making in the Surgical Management of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections. Surgical infections, 15(6), pp.853-856. Yoo, S., 2014. Complications following an amputation. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 25(1), pp.169-178.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Thesis Proposal Ng Sad free essay sample

Advance in computing sciences and communications technology creates new infrastructure provides people with new tools for communicating throughout the world and for acquiring knowledge and insights from information. Information technology helps them understands how they affect the natural environment and how they can protect it. It more rewarding . It Improves the quality of health care, makes the government more responsive and accessible to the needs of our citizen. As people live in the world where technology is rapidly progressing, and new discoveries are being made every day, opportunity increases. Computer have become common piece of equipment at home all over the wolrd. The majority of careers in today’s society revolve around technology. Internets have also create tremendous opportunities for new education paradigms such as Information System. Background of the Study The National Service Training Program was also know as â€Å" An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students, Amending for the for the Purpose Republic Act No. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Proposal Ng Sad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7077 and Presidential Decree no. 1706, and for other Purposes† or Republic Act No. 9163. It was signed into law in January 23, 2002 amidst the various calls of dissenting sectors for its abolition or reform. The primary objective of the NSTP law is to promote the role of the youth in nation-building. As such , it aims to encourage the youth to become civic and/ or military leaders and volunteers whom could be called upon by the national in case their services are needed The proponent decide to help the NSTP office, which currently uses the traditional system of giving information data handling where some data are being delayed because of slow transaction. Objectives of the Study The study aimed to develop a NSTP online information system for Batangas State University. Specially, it attempted to: 1. Lessen the time consumed by NSTP Director to know the information of the students enrolled in NSTP in all campuses of Batangas State University. 2. Design a web-based information system about the activities and schedule of the NSTP class for the entire school year. 3. Centralized and organize all the information of enrolled NSTP students for each BatState-U campus. 4. Maintain a more reliable data in terms of database management 5. Develop an automatic report feature of the system to generate appropriate reports needed by the NSTP Director. Significance of the Study The study is deemed significant for its contributions to the following: This study will lessen the time and effort extended by the NSTP directors in gathering information form the enrolled NSTP students in all campuses of Batangas State University. This will also provide the information about the activities, schedule, grades and the instructor of the NSTP class for the school year to the NSTP students. This will be of great tool to Batangas State University in monitoring all NSTP operation and service. This study will also benefits the present research for it will provide a chance to further understand and learn the technicalities involve in developing the system of with related features. Scope and Limitation of the Study The proponents focused their study on the development of NSTP information system for Batangas State Unversity. The authorized user of the system are the administrator or the NSTP director, instructor and students ass well. The NSTP director’s role is to provide all reports add SR code of the students, location of NSTP service. He may also add and delete course and budget for school year. The student’s role is to fill up NSTP registration form and view their schedule and grades. The instructor’s role is to provide grades and set schedule to students. For the security of the website, username and password is required for the administrator and the instructors. They may changes their password; username. Password is limited up to 45 variable charaters. All the authorized user shall be given a brief orientation about the system to be able to use it efficient and effectively. It gives the similarities and differences of the developed system and those reviews. The World Wide Web is a collection of web pages and other resources located in internet server computers connected to web pages browser located in individual machine in which this machine also connected to the internet. What make is a web is that the web pages communicate their author desires, and they connect readers to the other resources by links. The link in the web page can refer to another web page, a program, some other kind of file, are another way of interacting to the web such as Telnet and FTP. HTML has been extended in another ways. First, new features has been added to later version of the language, including better support for frames, columns, tables, and other formats. The latest version of HTML is 4. 01, with 5. 0. Database processing systems are being used by more and more organization with large, mini, and some microcomputer. Database processing system reduces duplication of data and integrates data so multiple data can access it. Programs are non-independent on the format of data and type of secondary storage hard being used. Users are provided with any injury of response capability, which allows them to easily obtain program. Finally, control and security if data storage in the database management system. â€Å"Computerize and Information System in Business† by James A. O’Brein. A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control a behavior of machine, to express algorithm precisely, or as a mode of human communication. An information system produces the information organization s need for making decisions, controlling operations, and output. Input captures are collect raw data from within organization or from its external environment. Processing converts this raw input into a more meaningful form. Output transfers the processed information to the people. Information System also require feedback which is output that is returned to appropriate members of organization to help them evaluate or correct input stage. An SR code is a unique, identifying numbers or group of numbers and letters assigned to an individual piece of hardware or software. A serial number for a piece of software is not usually the same as a product key but they are used sometimes interchangeably. Web design is a broad term used to encompass the way that content is delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web. The intent of web design is to create a website a collection of online content including documents and application that reside on web server/servers. A website may include text, images, sounds and other content, and maybe interactive. Web design involves the structure of the website including the information architecture, the layout or the pages, and conceptual design with branding. Computer security is a branch of a computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The object of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption of natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanism by which sensitive And valuable information and services are protected from publication, tampering a collapse by an authorized activities or untrustworthy individuals and unplanned events respectively. The strategies and methodologies of computer security often differ from most other computer technologies because of its someone illusive objective of preventing unwanted computer behavior. The proponent had research some studies that supported the developed project. The following related studies are: Jeanne R. Golfo (2006) designed a system to develop and implement an online information system to Most Holy Rosary Parish for reservation which helped the internet user to easily view the information about the church and to lessen the task of the clerk regarding the reservation and cancellation for marriage, baptism, confirmation and death mass. It contains different commands button like Contact Information, Gallery, History, Parish Priest, Church Organization, News and Events, Comments and Suggestions. The thesis â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† Which is proposal by Jonathan Walker tells about a particular company’s document report. This includes list and records of past and previous related document particularly in different sections of a company such as their annual sales and monthly budgets. This detail can be accessed via the internet and has a limited access for a company personnel only the outside office. The site is protected by password so that unauthorized people may not be able to access. They can only view other links in the company website. The thesis entitled Performance Evaluation for Faculty and Staff of De La Salle Lipa by Eric Ocampo. ,(2007) is a study that used web technology to automate the traditional system of evaluating the of staff and the institution. The study intended to minimize the used of paper and lessen the time consumed when using the traditional way of evaluating which is manual. The study is very timely and significantly mainly because of the technology’s trend. In this study by Dalisay A. ,(2005) entitled â€Å" Network Based Faculty Performance Evaluation for Lyceum Institution of Technology†. This study aimed to implement advance technological application for the betterment of the institution specifically in the evaluation process. In addition is a research done by Puri J. et. Al (2005) entitled â€Å"Network Based Guidance Students information and Personality Evaluation†. This study aimed to computerize the existing guidance information and personality evaluation system of De La Salle Lipa Teriary School Guidance and Counseling center. It offers a new environment of taking personality test and storing information othe than the tradition use of pen and paper and it is through ulilization of computer. The study is very timely because of the technology’s trend. The study will help solve the problems encoundtered by the management. It has also offered alternative ideas that may be helpful for the future studies. The research study done by De Guzman j. et. al (2008) entitled† Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public Colleges† used the network in upgrading the tradition way of the institution into automated one. The study used database management system to manipulate and store data. The study used network to make the process of evaluation faster and more convient. Synthesis The relevant studies will be very useful in performing and developing the project study. In the study of Jonathan Waliker, â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† showed about documents company report. The difference between the developed study and this thesis is that the documents reports system explains about collection of the Company’s financial report both past and previous while the developed study explains about the students enrolled in NSTP. Both studies can be access via internet. The developed study can access by the students who are enrolled in NSTP, the professors of the said subject and mainly by the NSTP coordinator while the â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† has a limited access for a company personnel only the site is protected by password so that unauthorized people may not be able to access. In the study done by Ocampo E.. ,(2007), and in the developed system are not the same because this thesis aimed to computerize the existing system in order to lessen the consumption and too much use of paper and man power in the evaluation processes while the developed system made the existing system online and generate more report. They both used wireless technology to gained what they aimed. Moreover, the study entitled â€Å"Network-Based Faculty Performance Evaluation for Lyceum Institute of Technology†(2005) is different to our study for the system, the study focuses on the importance of improving the evaluation rocess while the developed study focuses on the information of the student who are enrolled in NSTP. However, the study done by Dalisay A, is a network-based system. On the other hand, the study done by Puri J.. ,(2005) proved that automating the evaluation system is beneficial to the management and institution. The study is different in the developed study in such a way that both system manipulate and store data and are upgraded version of manually processing of evaluation. Both are centered on the student information. The study is a network-based system while our developed study are web-based system. The research study done by De Guzman J. ,(2008) entitled â€Å"Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public College† used the network in upgrading the traditional way of the institution into automated one. The developed study is similar in this study because both the project used database management system to manipulate and store data. Developed study used the web while the study used network to make the process of evaluation process of evaluation faster and more convenient. The two studies differ in such a way that the developed study focuses on the student information while Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public College include the cognitive evaluation system and academic performance system. Conceptual Framwork In order to come up with the best and most effective logical approach in designing the system, the proponents gathered all information, which wa taken from different books, interest and idea research material about the information. NSTP Online Information System for Batanagas State Univerity NSTP Online Information System for Batanagas State Univerity * Data Analysis * Design the project * Programming amp; Debugging * Generate Report * Data Analysis * Design the project * Programming amp; Debugging * Generate Report Input ProcessOutput * Programming * Database Mangement * Web-based * NSTP Online information System * Programming * Database Mangement * Web-based * NSTP Online information System Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm Figure 1 show the Input, Process and Output (IPO) of the study. The paradigm used IPO boxes with the arrow to illustrate the flow of the development system. The inputs consist of information about the MSTP of Batangas State University, programming language, web design, and Database Management. The output referred to in this study is the developed NSTP Online Information System of Batangas State University Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the research conceptually and operationally defined the terms used in this study. Database. It is an organized collection of logically related data. Hopper, 1999). In this study, it is used to store data for the student’s information. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). It is the main markup languages for web pages. (www. wikipedia. org) , in this study, it is used to make the web page of the website. Information. It is an ordered sequence of symbol, can be interpreted as a message (www. wikipedia. Org) in this study, it is used to input by the students in the registration Security. This term refers to the system safeguard design to protect a computer system and data from delibaerate and accidental! Damage on access by authorized persons. (www. Meriam/websiter. com). In this study, it is used to secure the system. Software. This is a generic term for organized collection of computer data and instruction, often broken into major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer and application software that is used by user by user to accomplish specific tasks. (www. coolnerds. com). In this study, it is used to make the to run the application needed by the system. System. This is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming and integrated completely. (bussinessdictionary. com). In this study, it refers to hardware and software component that run a computer, Online. Is the condition of being connected to a network or other device. The term is frequently used to describe someone who is currently connected to the internet. (searchnetworking. techtarget. com). In this study, it is used to transmit data over telecommunication lines.

Of Mice and Men Essay on Why It Was a Good Ending free essay sample

At the end of the novella, Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck, Lennie Small is shot by his best friend George Milton. Many people look at this ending of the story sadly. However, this ending could also be happy. The reasons why this novella’s ending was happy is because George does not have to stress about Lennie, Lennie died with the dream, and Lennie would not survive in a prison without George. All these factors led to an excellent ending. One reason why the novella was a happy ending is because George does not need to worry or stress about Lennie any more. George had to put up with Lennie’s behavior his whole life. Every time Lennie got himself into trouble, George was the one to bail him out. Lennie never understood why he was not allowed to do this or that. Lennie was a very simple-minded person. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mice and Men Essay on Why It Was a Good Ending or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Lennie watch him from over the fire. He patiently said, ‘I like them with ketchup. ’ ‘Whatever we ain’t got, that’s what you want, said George’† (Steinbeck 12). Another example of Lennie being simple minded is the time when he grabbed a girl’s dress in Weed. When the girl started to scream, Lennie panicked and both George and him ran away. George does not have to deal with Lennie’s actions anymore. Lennie never wanted to get into trouble because he felt George will not let him have a farm to tend rabbits. â€Å"This ain’t no bad thing like I got to go hide in the brush. Oh! No. This ain’t. I’ll tell George that I found it dead† (Steinbeck 83). Lennie covered up all his issues and ran away from them with the help of George. Now that Lennie is dead, George does not need to bail out Lennie.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Explaining social phenomenon using sociological concepts Essays

Explaining social phenomenon using sociological concepts Essays Explaining social phenomenon using sociological concepts Paper Explaining social phenomenon using sociological concepts Paper Bryn and Lie, 2007) With the advancements In technology, social media platforms can now be used as an avenue for people to stay connected within the society, which allows them to form social solidarity. Hence, people are switching from activities like reading, which do not make them feel anchored in the society to those that allows them to stay connected with others virtually even when they are physically alone. This would help in forming a stable and cohesive society, especially now that everyone can stay updated with any recent happenings and react accordingly. However, an individual can get addicted to the use of social media, affecting his schedule due to lack of time management. Work is not done within the required timeshare, which becomes a private trouble of the individual, who now needs to worry about managing his time well between social media and work. There is intricate link between an individuals lifestyle and the circumstances of a society, as mentioned by Mills (1997). Even though addiction to social media can be regarded as a private trouble. If there Is a substantial amount of people who have this problem, It can become a public issue. The decrease in productivity during work due to social media will affect the economy and is not just subjected to the problems of an individual. Thus, private troubles can lead to the manifestation of public issues. Not only is the values of an individual threatened, but the social structure is also negatively influenced which may lead to uneasiness, affecting our sense of well- being. Such phenomenon can also be explained by Mars theory. According to Marx, he primacy motivation for productive castles was the pursuit of profit. (Bolton et al. 2002) Game developers and advertisers would see social media as a quick way to gain profits, especially due to the low costs of production in engaging consumers through social media. Therefore, they would come up with ways to appeal to consumers by introducing addictive games or interesting videos on these platforms, keeping them captivated and wasting even more time. Despite this resulting in rational goals such as Improving productivity and gr eater quality of life being improvised, producers are willing to sacrifice them to maximize profits. They may feel that they are making rational choices, but in actual fact, these producers are behaving in an irrational manner. Hence, even though the increasingly common usage of social media can help in forming social solidarity, individuals must be disciplined managing their time on the social media. Too much time spent on social media due to the enticement of games by profit-maximizing producers can lead to ten social structure Dealing affected when puddle Issues sat Bibliography rot to Arles.

Presidential Pets of the Past

Presidential Pets of the Past Animal lovers savour that moment when a pet runs up to greet them at the end of the stressful day. Few jobs are probably more stressful than the U.S. presidents position. Thats why it is no surprising that presidents and their families have always been fond of animals. Dogs seem to be first in line, but creatures from mice to alligators have also been presidential pets in the White House. List of Presidential Pets George W. Bush President George W. Bush carries Barney to the South Portico of the White House Monday, Sept. 3, 2001, after disembarking Marine One. Photo by Tina Hager, Courtesy of the George W. Bush Presidential Library â€Å"Barney was by my side during our eight years in the White House. He never discussed politics and was always a faithful friend.† President Bush remembered his little friend with these words when he died of lymphoma in 2013 at the age of 12. Barney, a Scottish terrier, was a gift to George W. Bush after the 2000 presidential election. He was always polite and liked to greet prime ministers, queens and heads of state in the White House. Barney was even a media star, he had his own website where his fans could watch videos from the dogs perspective about visiting celebrities and White House staff. â€Å"Barney and I enjoyed the outdoors,† Bush said. â€Å"His favourite activity was chasing golf balls.† However, Barney could also lose his temper. Once he bit the Reuters news reporter and the Bostons Celtics public relations director. Among other presidential pets were a Scottish terrier Miss Beazley, an English springler spaniel Spot, a cat India, and a longhorn cow Ofelia. Bill Clinton Socks, a black-and-white stray cat, became a presidential pet in 1991 when he jumped into the arms of Chelsea Clinton. Once the Clinton family took the cat, he took place in the Americas heart. He was a subject of a popular TV comedy, Murphy Brown, a cartoon book and a song, he appeared with the President on a series of stamps in the Central African Republic. Socks was so popular, that a Clinton family even asked the photographers to leave this poor cat. In 1997 a Labrador retriever Buddy joined the presidential family but Socks wasnt a fan of a new dog. Hillary Clinton said that Socks â€Å"despised Buddy from first sight, instantly and forever.† When Socks died in 2009, Bill Clinton admitted: â€Å"Socks brought much happiness to Chelsea and us over the years, and enjoyment to kids and cat lovers everywhere. We’re grateful for those memories† George H.W. Bush Millie is among the most notable pets in the White House. The English springer spaniel â€Å"wrote† Millies Book: As Dictated to Barbara Bush that describes a day in her life at the White House. In 1992 it was at the top of the New York Times bestseller list. Millie was depicted in several TV shows, including Whos the Boss and Murphy Brown. She even appeared in the episode of The Simpsons. The 15-acre Millie Bush Bark Park on the west side of Houston is named after her. Millie took active part in re-election. â€Å"My dog Millie knows more about foreign affairs than these two bozos,† Bush claimed, mentioning his opponents Al Gore and Bill Clinton. Millie was even a mother of two other presidential pets: Ranger and Spot. She died at the age 12 of pneumonia. Ronald Reagan    Lucky, a large black dog, was said to â€Å"to be a size of a pony. † And not for reason. His breed Bouvier des Flandres originated in Belgium for the purposes of pulling carts and herding kettle. Bouviers are known as fearless dogs useful as both family friends and guard dogs. They require a lot of room to exercise and wander about, and the Reagans soon found that out. Lucky was named in the honour of Mrs. Reagans mother, Edith Luckett (â€Å"Lucky†) Davis. A small â€Å"ball of fluff,† a nine-year-old puppy, turned into a large dog just in several months. Lucky enjoyed running in the halls of the White House. However, despite the efforts at training, she didnt really adjust to live there. Thats why the president and his family decided to send her to their ranch in California in 1985. She died at the age of 10 in January 5, 1995. Ronald Reagan had a few other dogs: Rex, Cavalier King Charles spaniel; Victory, golden retriever; Peggy, Irish setter; Taca, Siberian husky; and Fuzzy, Belgian sheepdog. Jimmy Carter When Jimmy Carter and his family moved into the White House, they didnt take no pets along. Grits arrived at the White House on June 8, 1977. The dog was named in honour of the Carters family Southern roots. A handsome border collie mix was a present to Carters daughter Amy from her school teacher, Verona Meeder. Visitors admitted that Amy â€Å"sure loves that dog.† She enjoyed petting Grits on the steps of the White House. However, the Carters decided to return the dog to the Amys teacher. Some sources report that one of the reasons was that a dog had behaviour problems. Moreover, Grits didnt get along with the Carters cat, Misty Malarky Ying Yang. But it also may be because Amys teacher lost her own dog, and the girl wanted to ease the sadness. Gerald Ford The Fords have always been fond of dogs. Long before they moved to White House, they had golden retrievers. Their daughter, Susan, asked their family friend – a photographer David Kennerly to help them get a new dog. Kennerly contacted a breeder about a puppy. Susan surprised her father with a cute dog she called Liberty. Liberty became famous when Gerald Ford and his wife decided to breed her with a golden retriever. The press became crazy when Liberty gave birth to nine cute puppies. Mrs. Ford didnt let them to be photographed before they were 2 months old. The photos were made by Kennerly and was in high demand as well as puppies themselves. Liberty died at the age 11 in 1986. The Fords also had a Siamese cat Shan and a dog Lucky.    Richard Nixon Checkers is probably the most famous candidate in the list of presidential pets. Nixons cocker spaniel never lived in the White House, but he became a celebrity when Sinator Nixon mentioned him in his speech in 1952. It became to be known as the Checkers speech when the politician for the first time used TV to appeal to the voters. Nixon loved Checkers a lot. He always had dogs biscuits in his desk and enjoyed watching him to play. The cocker spaniel lived with Nixon until he died in 1964 at the age of 13, four years before Nixon was elected a president. Three other dogs lived with Nixon in the White House: poodle Vicky, terrier Pasha and Irish setter King Timahoe.    Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson loved dogs and they loved him a lot. The presidents beagles, Him and Her, became celebrities when the Life magazine published a photo portraying how Johnson was peaking up the dogs ears. Hundreds of calls and letters came from the dog lovers. They wrote â€Å"If someone picked you up by the ears, you’d yelp, too.† However, dogs seemed to like that a lot. They were treated very well and enjoyed swimming in the White House pool and riding along in the presidents car. Sadly, both Him and Her died at a young age. Him was hit by a car when he was chasing the squirrels in 1966, and Her died after swallowing a stone in 1964. After Him and Her died, Lyndon B. Johnson had two other dogs – collie Blanco and a mixed-breed dog Yuki. John F. Kennedy Charlie was a Welsh terrier the Kennedy family brought with them when they moved into the White House. Kennedy loved animals despite his allergy to animal hair and wanted his children to have experience of taking care of them. Jackie Kennedy gave Charlie to her husband as a gift during Kennedys campaign for president and he became a part of their family. However, John F. Kennedy didnt like one Charlies habit: He loved nothing more than to fetch a stick. He always brought the stick and drop it on the lap. The First Couple enjoyed walking outside the gates of the White House and playing with Charlie. They resembled two students taking a dog for a walk. They looked so happy,† told their son Bryant. Among other Kennedys pets were ponnies, hamsters, a cat, a rabbit, a horse, a canary, and seven dogs of different breeds. Dwight D. Eisenhower Heidi is probably the only dog banned from the White House. A beautiful female Weimaraner was born on the 9th of May, 1955. She had an accident on the expensive rug in the diplomatic reception room. Its cost was about $20,000 at that time. Because of the Heidis weak bladder, the Eisenhowers decided to send her to their farm in Pennsylvania. Heidi was protective of her owners. She was wary of photographers and always tried to prevent the First Lady from having her picture taken. Heidi just jumped between the Mamie Eisenhower and the camera. Weimaraners are great family dogs, known for their hunting abilities and loyalty. Heidi liked to sleep in the basket on the third floor and run in the White House. During the day, she napped in the presidents private office where Eisenhower gave her head scratches. After she left Washington she had four puppies and enjoyed life on the farm.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

What causes stroke in the Human Brain Assignment

What causes stroke in the Human Brain - Assignment Example One of the primary genetic causes of stroke has been shown to be CADASIL which tends to display a number of familial inheritance patterns in which the primary responsible gene has usually been identified. According to Bevan and Markus (1), CADASIL is usually seen to present with at least one of four given manifestations that include, cognitive deficit, Lacunar stroke and TIA, migraine with aura or even psychiatric disturbance in the form of a depression that is seen to precede the onset of an estimated 30% of stroke cases. CADASIL has been attributed to be primarily due to the occurrence of highly stereotyped mutations occurring in the Notch3 gene. These mutations that are seen to lead to CADASIL subsequently disrupt the highly conserved cysteine residue converting the number of these residues that normally stands at 6 to an odd number. This phenotype has been found to be variably present within certain given families. UK Website The Stroke.UK organization website is essentially a Stroke Association website that is developed to aid in the provision of support to the various stroke survivors. It is designed in such a manner that various professionals and charity group organizations are able to use it to provide support to stroke survivors so as to aid them in making the very best recovery that they possibly can. The website provides key information that is seen to essentially be quite useful to individuals in aiding them in obtaining more information on stroke. The organization also has an estimated over 20 years of research on stroke and has contributed to the development of a number of research review papers published in different journals. High Blood Pressure The United Kingdom Stroke Association is seen to point out that having a high blood pressure is perceived to be the biggest cause of stroke for not only the older adults but also the younger persons as an estimated 30 percent of individuals aged below 50 that have had a stroke are shown to also have a generally high blood pressure (Strokeassocation 1). The use of combined oral contraceptive pills is identified as being among the many factors that might potentially result in high blood pressure. These pills have been seen to cause the blood to become more likely to clot and thus significantly increase the risk of one developing high blood pressure. It is generally recommended that women that happen to have a number of other stroke risk factors such as high blood pressure or smoking should try and avoid the use of these pills (Strokeassocation 3). Summary of Tuomilehto J. et al. Article The peer reviewed article by Tuomilehto Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Death From Stroke. is a research paper that provides crucial information on the link between the increased stroke and hypertension risk of individuals seen to be having diabetes mellitus. The objective of the study conducted in the article was to attempt to study and perform a critical assessment of the invariably independent effect of diabetes as a key risk factor for stroke. The study which was conducted in Eastern Finland over a f ollow up period spanning at an average follow up period of about 16.4 years involved about 8572 women and 8077 men. Summary of Lewis Kuller Stroke and Diabetes Article The article

SAM 340 UNIT 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAM 340 UNIT 6 - Essay Example There are sports like indoor and outdoor games. The indoor games don’t require any open place. But to play outdoor games there are certain criteria that we need to consider and have the playground. This forms an integral part. There are games such as football, baseball, tennis that needs the ground which is formed with certain measurements. This can be in regards to the school playground. It can be about the open place that we consider for playing. To make it function successfully we need the open place that can be useful for sporting event. The word stadium is arrived from the Greek term stade and it relates to the site or the place for Olympic style competition. It’s also called forum, live theater. There are tournaments that are arranged in the stadiums and there are spectators who come and watch the play with lots of enthusiasm. The facility management has to provide the spectators with safe and joyful experience. There are various factors that have to be taken care and worked upon. In the olden days the stadiums were constructed by the team owners with the intention to provide facilities to their own team members. Gradually, it couldn’t give them the profit and were not able to provide the amenities that are required. The annoyance of the fans is some of the critical issues that have to be dealt with proper facility. By 1960’s Arena construction came into existence which had modern facilities. They lease it with the team owners .There were intercollegiate competitions that were held. One of the games that has been given importance and has been included in the sporting competition status is the kickboxing. It is various forms of martial arts .It is a Japanese game with traditional styles, that originated in the year 1960’s.American Kickboxing came into existence by 1970’s.It involves punching and kicking .It is liked by most of them. There is no international governing body for this particular

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Many young people today are too concerned about the way they look Essay - 1

Many young people today are too concerned about the way they look. What are the implications of this - Essay Example The 90s saw that problem slowly become a social issue as teenage boys and girls began to battle real illnesses such as anorexia, bulimia, self hate, etc., all of which had its roots in the way that the youth of the time were becoming consumed by the way they looked and were seen or perceived by the others in their age group. The 2000s have seen the problem of image issues coming to a head due to the undue influence of the internet, reality shows, Hollywood, and other unrealistic portrayals of youth in terms of social acceptance and coolness. Bullying, suicide, eating disorders, and the like are now seen in children as young as the age of 12. Mass media has forced the children of today to be more conscious of their looks like never before, and it comes with a great cost for the children. This paper will present some of the implications of the youth being too concerned with their looks these days and offer a few suggestions towards the end as to what to do about this youth problem that is spiraling out of control. To begin with, the proper term to use when discussing the fixation of the youth with their looks is â€Å"body image issues†. These are the thoughts and emotions that a teenager feels when he or she sees his appearance in the mirror. It described the way that he or she perceives the outside describing his or her body in relation to what is considered normal in our current society. When the teen concerned views the body in a negative manner, this is known as a â€Å"Negative Body Image† which is also sometimes called â€Å"body dissatisfaction†. Such kinds of unhappiness with ones body stems commonly from their dissatisfaction with their weight, size, shape, or height. These often result in negative feelings that affect the self esteem of the teen which often leads to negative moods and disturbances (Kids Helpline, 2013). Furlong (2009) believes that the young people of today have a poor

Advanced Principles of Human Computer Interaction Essay

Advanced Principles of Human Computer Interaction - Essay Example This matte area is marginally raised from the surface for a functional reason. On the matte area, on the four points of the compass are four playback buttons. At the north, a point is a â€Å"MENU† button that allows you to navigate through the menus. At the west, a point is a step back button. At the south, a point is a play/pause button. At the last point is a step forward button.   The MENU button takes you from the normal screen to a menu screen that allows you to navigate to different capabilities including â€Å"Music†, â€Å"Photos† and â€Å"Videos† options on the menu. You can then enter each of these menus and navigate through them and if you want to go back up to the previous level of the menu then you can just press the MENU button again. This allows you to move back through the menu systems if you have made a mistake during your navigation. Each time that you press it will take you to the next level up in the menu system until you reappear at the original screen that you started from.   The step back button allows you to go back to the beginning of the playback of an item should you wish to. It allows you to return to the start of a song or a movie if you should need to do that. If you press the button twice then you will return to the start of the previous item and each time that press the button after that you will be moved to the item before that until you reach the start of the playlist. The step forward works in reverse since clicking on it will take you one item further on for every click of the button until the end of the playlist   The play/pause button determines the playback of items depending on the number of times you press the button. If you press it once then the item will play and if you press it twice then the track or video will freeze in place and continue from that spot when the button is pressed again.

Monday, November 18, 2019

The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb - Article Example Recommendations made by Stimson to presidents Roosevelt and Truman were based on consultation with the people concerned with the issue. One of the sources that Stimson relied on for information was General Grove. This person was to provide information on the progress of the project design for making the atomic bombs. The other source of information that Stimson relied on was the secretary of state and secretary of naval forestall. Moreover, Stimson relied on information from other members of the interim committee as well as members of the scientific panel. All these sources provided him with information that assisted him in arriving at the recommendations to both President Roosevelt and President Truman. Air of uncertainty indicated no proof that any given bomb would explode when dropped from an airplane. This resulted to a problem of exploding a bomb at predetermined height in air. However, the atomic bombs had a higher chance of exploding when dropped from a plane than the other types of bombs. This made them to be preferable to the other types of bombs. Therefore, the â€Å"air of uncertainty† influenced the choices made by revealing that other bombs had a lower chance of exploding when dropped from a plane compared to the atomic bomb. Several people influenced the reached decision. Participants who had most influence on the reached decisions were President Roosevelt and President Truman. Other individuals who had most influence on the reached decisions were the members of the interim committee including Stimson. Moreover, General Grove had a very great influence on the decisions of using the nuclear bombs in the war against Japan. This is because he was the one who provided the information on the progress of the project initiated to create the bombs. The other people who had most influenced on the reached decisions were the members of the scientific panel since they provided

Imagine that you are participating in a professional conference, and Essay

Imagine that you are participating in a professional conference, and your role is to offer commentary on three papers that examine early modern Europe and make claims about religion and violence - Essay Example By the beginning of 16th century, the medieval church and all it represented ventured into a period comprised of profound crisis. At this time, the church was approximately fifteen centuries old. Most of the church history comprised of continuous confrontation of problems from within its organization and from without. However, by 1500, these problems rose to the surface and made the church shake at its very foundation. Political philosophers had rejected the idea presented by the claiming that popes were superior to kings. These disagreements acted as major contributors of religious wars and violence in early modern Europe (Whitford 345). According to theorists like Karl Marx, there was no need to reform the church since his secular theory based on the notion that religion and faith were nothing more than cement that held society together. Another way in which religious fanaticism led to insurgence of violence and religious wars in early modern Europe is by allowing local church bishops control all of the bankers, merchants, and artisan economic and commercial activities. When philosophers describe modern Europe, in this instance, they talk about France, Italy, England, Spain, Scandinavia, Germany, and the Low Countries. These business people from Europe’s largest cities conflicted with the local church bishops who controlled business activities, an idea that the former resented. Merchants, bankers, and artisans believed that they would have more money and power if only the church could cease controlling their money making and producing business (Greyez 187). Even capitalism had not yet infiltrated into Europe, it is evident that there was development of secular concept of acquisition and work. Additionally, fanaticism facilitated the endemic upsurge of religious violence and wars in that, in the 16th century, there were numerous reformers who criticized the church openly for its

Friday, November 15, 2019

Atmospheric pollution

Atmospheric pollution Executive Summary Harmful gases, liquids or solids may be present in the atmosphere causing air pollution. There are however different types of pollutants of air. This paper discusses atmospheric air pollution and the resultant ecological problem, factors that lead to or that are affected by air pollution, in this regard, living and non living factors, the subsequent human impacts, considering positive and negative impacts, the current approaches taken for sustainability purposes, how such strategies may be achieved or attained, and the role of the government, society and international bodies. Introduction Air pollution is the availability of harmful substances in the atmosphere in gaseous, liquid, or solid form. Air pollution can be caused by various pollutants including: Particulate matter: this consists of aerosols in liquids, solids or gases suspended in the atmosphere due to burning of coal in industrial processes. The presence of aerosols in the air hastens the corroding and erosion of metals and building materials respectively. Inhalation of air containing particulate matter can interfere with the respiratory system of humans. This can result in cancer, asthma, bronchitis or other diseases (EPA, 2008). Sulphur oxides: these usually arise from the burning of coal and fumes from industrial processes. Due to the acid nature of the oxides, materials, human respiratory system and the vegetation end up being damaged (EPA, 2008). Carbon monoxide: this is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas that humans have no protection against. Blood that is infiltrated with carbon monoxide carries less oxygen to other body parts. This can cause many health complications (EPA, 2008). Hydrocarbons: these are chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen as the only elements. Just like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons are also emitted by motor vehicles and emissions from industries. They result when there is partial burning of engine fuel. Under sunlight, hydrocarbons form ground level ozone which is manifested in smog. Besides that, ground level ozone can irritate the eyes, damage the lungs, and cause multiple respiratory problems (EPA, 2008). Nitrogen oxides: this usually results from high temperature combustions in motor vehicles and power plants. These oxides contribute raise the acidity in the air raising precipitation and smog production. Nitrogen oxides are dangerous to humans because they cause serious illness and deaths even though the exposure to nitrogen oxides may be short (EPA, 2008). Carbon dioxide: this is a gas that is described as natural in the atmosphere. It is produced by burning substances. It is vital for living organisms. There are other air pollutants that include the following: radioactive pollutants, ammonia, chlorofluorocarbons, toxic metals (like lead, copper and cadmium) and radioactive elements. All these pose a danger to the human health (EPA, 2008). Problem Description The presence of any pollutants in the air causes air pollution. Thus, the presence of all contaminants and toxins in the atmosphere forms atmospheric pollution which is also an ecological problem. Living organisms and the entire ecosystem suffer from health and ecological problems caused by atmospheric pollution. An average person inhales 20,000 litres of air per day. By breathing, we risk taking in dangerous substances or chemicals found in the air. Air is found anywhere and everywhere. Therefore, air pollution can be found in both indoors and outdoors. Pollution of the air can cause many diseases that include; cancer, tuberculosis, emphysema, among many others. The depletion of the ozone layer causes global warming which in turn results into the melting of the icecaps in Polar Regions hence the rising of the sea levels. The air was fairly clean until the industrial revolution. With the industrial revolution, many substances stated being burnt increasing the number of pollutants in the air. The rate of air pollution has been on the increase since then to date resulting in the growth of the hole in ozone layer above the Antarctica. This explains why the world leaders from the G 20 are worried and calling for frequent meetings concerning the global warming (Kurylo, 2010). With continued air pollution, the ozone layer will increase in depletion to an extent of allowing in more ultra violet ray s of the sun. The Ultra-violet rays of the sun are dangerous to the humans. They are responsible for causing cancer in countries like Australia. Dr Kurylo (2010) argues that the ozone layer has some weaknesses whose observation renews the concerns about the possible consequences and possible remedies. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 was expected to help reduce gaseous emissions like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc to the atmosphere (Kurylo, 2010). Global Warming Recently world leaders had gathered in Copenhagen Denmark to discuss the way forward on carbon reduction to ease global warming. The theme was global warming. Global warming has been described as a scenario in which there is increased world temperature. This usually results from increased carbon emission that inhibits earths radiation from radiating back into the atmosphere which results in accumulated solar heat in the lower parts of the atmosphere. The major issue that is surrounding the global warming topic today is increased heat in the world that has affected man by far and wide in every aspect. Man is yet to discover better ways of using the much energy at his disposal that matches its rate of input. This article discusses the current modes of using solar energy (including solar cells), the new modes and the latest discoveries that include use of hydrogen as a form of energy. All these ways are aimed at reducing emission of carbon dioxide which is the core source of the problem s. Not every part of the world gets equals amount of sunshine. Much of the sun is concentrated in the tropics with the Polar Regions experiencing little or no sunshine depending on the season (Unep, 2003). Factors that contribute to global warming Green house gases: Global warming is highly attributed to increased green house gases (mainly carbon dioxide and methane) in the atmosphere. These gases are emitted to the atmosphere through human activities like industrial activities, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural and deforestation activities. These gases reabsorb the thermal (auto radiation) heat emitted by the earths surface and prevent it from leaving the lower parts of the earths atmosphere hence the trap of excess heat. They retain the heat in the lower parts of the atmosphere. Increased mans activities have raised the green house gases especially carbon dioxide and methane over years (Solar-centre, 2010). Solar variability and global warming: negligible increase in the solar irradiation has been observed. This results from the depletion of the zone layer. This contributes to minor increase in the global temperatures. The major contributor is the green house effect (Solar-centre, 2010). Impacts of Global Warming Global warming is depicted by changes in the weather patterns and precipitation throughout the world. Hurricanes and tropical storms may be experience often as a result of warmer oceanic waters. The high global temperatures results in melting of the ice in Polar Regions which end up raising the sea levels (Solar-centre, 2010). Global warming may also affect species of living organisms that cannot survive in warmer conditions. They will die and become extinct (Solar-centre, 2010). Due to global warming, there may be increased cases of diseases that may affect human health. Cases diseases like malaria and stroke may increase with the increase in flooding of cities and the poor quality of air. Another problem caused by global warming is desertification. Droughts will be more frequent causing a rise in famine cases (Solar-centre, 2010). Current Sustainability Strategies Many sustainability programs are ongoing throughout the world. Basing on the causes of global warming which include mainly green gas effects which originate from combustion of fossil fuels, there are numerous researches being conducted to find better alternatives to fossil fuels. The world is full of energy in form of heat. Researchers are working on ways of utilizing the increased heat. One of the ways that they have discovered is the use of solar energy as an alternative to fossil fuel. When well put to use, solar energy can steer tomorrows economic growth instead of fossil fuel (Solar-centre, 2010). Solar energy can be taped through the use of solar panels which use photovoltaic cells. These photovoltaic cells in solar panels are able to transform the energy from the sun directly into electricity. The taped electricity can then be stored into batteries. The stored energy can be used in various ways like powering a generator or running heavy machines. If the modern houses can be constructed using special solar panels to tap solar power, then people can light their houses without depending on electricity supplied from the grid. Instead, when they collect more power, they supply the excess to the grid (Solar-centre, 2010). Hydrogen: this is another alternative to fossil fuel. In the modern world, hydrogen is mainly used to manufacture ammonia, refine petroleum, and synthesize methanol. It is also used by NASAs pace shuttles, and in hydrogen fuel cells. Since research is underway, in future we could use hydrogen to fuel vehicles, fly planes as well as providing power for our homes and offices (California energy commission, 2006). According to California commission (2006), a machine that uses hydrogen as energy is eco-friendly since its pollution is negligible. And in fact some experts think that the future economies will be hydrogen driven unlike the current economies which are fossil fuel drive (California commission, 2006). One of the major challenges that come with the consumption of fossil fuels is the emissions of carbons which pollutes the atmosphere as well as increase the green house effect. Cars are a big contributor to environmental pollution due to their carbon emission that is in form of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. All these add to atmospheric pollution. According to MacKenzie (1994), hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements (is found in water, fossil fuels, atmosphere plants and animals), and it is therefore the best alternative for the non-renewable sources of energy like gasoline. It is a safely combustible fuel though safety precautions that accompany any fuel should also be applied. It is not such a dangerous fuel since its leaks evaporates faster than gasoline thus minimizing the hazard of explosion. Many manufacturers are now realizing a breakthrough with manufacture of hydrogen vehicles (Nadis MacKenzie, 1986). Plan for Sustainability This has involved various meeting held by the world leaders concerning the increasing rate of global warming. These meeting have resulted in the various governments investing heavily on researches fro alternative sources of energy other than the fossil fuel. The out come is the innovation of a hydrogen car that uses hydrogen as fuel. Other researches are underway for solar powered vehicles and machines. Therefore, the break through of these researches could see the future economies driven by either hydrogen or solar energy (Unep, 2003). Benefits and Challenges of the Sustainability Plan The benefits of the sustainability plan are that the green house gases will dramatically reduce. The world will experience reduced temperatures with less global warming hence reduced melting of ice in Polar Regions. There will be no more rise in sea levels and unpredictable weather patterns translating into less drought cases (Solar-centre, 2010). However, the sustainability plan is experiencing various problems like reduced funding for researches. Also, hydrogen and solar appliances are still very expensive for an average man to purchase. This means that economies will still be powered by fossil fuel will until when everybody will be able to purchase the appliances that global warming effects will be done away with gradually (Solar-centre, 2010). Required Government, Societal and Global Support The responsibility of the government is to provide funds for research in the better sources of energy other than the fossil fuels. It is also to ensure that when the research is done and complete, the appliances are readily available to the market at a pocket friendly price to the average man. The government should also be engaged in passing restriction acts that prohibit the further environmental pollution. Most of these restrictions affect industrial companies and businesses. It should ensure that the acts are enacted and law breakers are dealt with accordingly (ILO, 2008). On the other hand, the average man is to ensure that he uses the most eco-friendly fuels and appliances available in the market. Skilled workers in the field of research should also avail themselves to assist the government in research rather than hiring foreign experts. Conclusion Despite the many efforts to reduce air pollution, air pollution and global warming are still a challenge. Green house gases like methane and carbon are still being emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels. The resultant global warming is causing increasing sea levels as the ice in Polar Regions is melting. The main cause of this is the use of non- renewable fossil fuel. However researches are underway on the use of renewable energy like the solar power and hydrogen. If successful, the research could make the future economies to be driven by renewable sources of energy like solar and hydrogen. Governments and the society have a responsibility. The government is to formulate environment conservation policies while the society at large is to conserve the environment by using eco-friendly renewable energy in their appliances. References California energy commission. (2006). â€Å"Hydrogen and future energy sources.† Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter20.html EPA, (2008). â€Å"Air Pollution Basic Information.† Retrieved Feb 19, 2010, from: http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/airairpollution.html ILO. (2008). â€Å"Global challenges for sustainable development: strategies for green jobs.† Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/dgo/speeches/somavia/2008/g8paper.pdf MacKenzie, James, J. (1994). â€Å"The Keys to the Car.† Baltimore, MD: World Resources, Kurylo, M. (2010). â€Å"Atmospheric Composition.† Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/atmospheric-composition-program-scientist/?searchterm=None Nadis, S. MacKenzie, J. (1993). â€Å"Car Trouble.† Boston, MA: Beacon. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://www.commutercars.com/h2/ Solar-centre. (2010). â€Å"Global warming.† Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://solar-center.stanford.edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm.html Unep, (2003). â€Å"How will global warming affect my world?† Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from: http://www.unep.org/dec/docs/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdf